1. Solar Collectors: The key component of a solar geyser system is the solar collector, which is usually mounted on the roof or in an area with good exposure to sunlight. Solar collectors come in different types, with the two most common types being flat-plate collectors and evacuated tube collectors. These collectors are designed to absorb sunlight and convert it into heat.
2. Heat Transfer Fluid: Inside the solar collector, a heat transfer fluid (usually a mixture of water and antifreeze) circulates through pipes or tubes. As the fluid passes through the collector, it absorbs heat from the sun’s energy, raising its temperature.
3. Heat Exchanger: The heat transfer fluid carrying the absorbed solar heat is then pumped or naturally circulated to a heat exchanger within a storage tank. The heat exchanger is a coil or set of pipes immersed in the water to be heated.
4. Water Heating: As the hot heat transfer fluid flows through the coil or pipes in the heat exchanger, it transfers its heat to the water in the storage tank. This process raises the temperature of the water, making it suitable for various domestic purposes.
5. Temperature Control: Solar geyser systems often include temperature controls to ensure that the water in the storage tank does not become too hot or too cold. A thermostat may be used to monitor the water temperature and activate a backup heating source (such as an electric element or gas burner) if necessary, especially during periods of low sunlight or high demand for hot water.
6. Storage Tank: The heated water is stored in an insulated storage tank until it is needed. The storage tank is well insulated to minimize heat loss and keep the water hot for an extended period.
7. Distribution: The hot water from the solar geyser storage tank can be distributed to various fixtures and appliances in the building, such as showers, sinks, and washing machines, for use in domestic activities.

The advantages of solar geysers include reduced energy bills, lower greenhouse gas emissions, and reduced reliance on fossil fuels for water heating. They are particularly effective in regions with abundant sunlight. However, their performance can be affected by factors like weather conditions, seasonal variations, and the quality of the solar collectors and system components. Proper maintenance and sizing are essential to ensure optimal performance and efficiency.